11 Best Baits For Salmon Fishing On Rivers And When To Use Them
It’s not uncommon for anglers and my clients to ask about the best baits for salmon fishing on rivers around the great lakes. Therefore I thought I would write an article about the best baits for salmon that I and other river guides use, and include how and when to choose certain baits, and how I rig them.
The 4 best baits for fishing salmon in rivers are the spawn bag, the trout bead, a nymph or egg fly, and the plastic worm. These baits come in different sizes and colors and some will fish better than others depending on the conditions. Other baits like shrimp, grubs, and skein can be deadly effective.
I will discuss all 10 baits that I use annually.
These are just 4 of the best baits for salmon but there are a few other great baits that I will discuss and a bonus bait that at times might be better than all the other salmon baits. Look for my Guide Tip to see this hot bait.
I will also discuss the best hooks and leaders for each bait because a great bait can be often an ineffective bait simply using the wrong hook or a leader that is too thick or doesn’t work well.
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Hooks And Leaders For The Best Salmon Baits
Just telling some anglers what the best bait is doesn’t mean they will just start catching fish.
There are a lot of good reasons why a guide like me will use a certain hook for a specific bait when fishing for salmon.
There is also a good reason why I and other guides put the bait on the hook a certain way. Sometimes we are even meticulous about these little things
In the picture above I show you how to put a bait on a hook properly and why this way is better. There are 2 things you need to consider when putting your bait onto the hook and these are both important if you want to get the maximum effectiveness out of your bait and if you want to get better hook sets.
Hook Size
You need to match your hook to the size of your bait. Using a giant hook with a small bait is a big mistake. I catch plenty of great lakes salmon on a size 10 hooks so you don’t really need a huge hook to catch huge salmon.
You just need to be sure your small hook is strong enough and won’t bend or break.
I hook that is way too big causes two problems.
The first problem with an oversize hook is that the fish are more likely to see your hook and refuse the bait. It might not matter how great the bait is if they spot the hook.
An extra-large hook is also heavy and that may not allow your bait to flow naturally in the current because it might act like an anchor weight that keeps dragging your bait to the bottom which may result in fewer bites and also too many snags.
Just like trout, salmon almost always look and feed up or sideways and they rarely feed downwards so a bait that is constantly on the bottom of the river will likely not get eaten. A lighter hook will allow your bait to stay off the bottom and in the strike zone.
Something else to consider is that your bait should be proportionate to the hook and the bait should be covering at least 50% of the hook.
Bait Placement
Where and how you put your bait onto the hook is also important. Putting a bait like the soft plastic spawn bag imitation (like the one you see in the first picture) or this power bait directly over the hook point or in a way that closes the gap is bad.
Closing up the gap between the hook point and hook shank too much will prevent the hook from hooking the salmon.
Another mistake many anglers make is blurring the hook point into the bait. On very soft baits like skein or spawn that might be OK, but on plastics and firmer baits, it’s a problem.
Covering the hook point can and likely will prevent soft-biting fish from getting hooked or it can impede the hook from going into the fish which might affect how well the hook holds.
The Best Hooks For Salmon Baits
I have always found that short shank wide gap hooks are the best hooks for salmon fishing in rivers when using most baits and under most conditions.
A short hook means less hook exposed at the top and the bottom and a wide gap improves hooking percentage and tends to hold the fish better.
You also want a hook that is strong enough that it won’t bend on big salmon. I also prefer black or bronze colors hooks over gold, silver, and brightly colored hooks.
This picture shows the positioning of where your bait should go on a short shank wide gap hook. If your bait will not fit within the green area your bait is too big.
Some softer baits like spawn bags can be bigger and can close up the gap and even cover the hook point because they are soft enough to get good penetration on the hook set.
However, an exposed hook point can sometimes hook itself even without a hook set.
Myself, my guides and other guides that I know like to use hooks like these and we recommend them to our clients.
The best hooks for salmon baits are:
- #1 – Raven Specimen hook – A wide Gap hook that has become very popular with my guides. It hooks and holds well, and it’s strong for big salmon.
- #2 – Gamakatsu Octopus hook – A hook that has been around for many years and is a proven good hook for salmon and steelhead and liked by many anglers.
- #3 – Raven Specialist hook – Another great hook that is used by many anglers around the great lakes. It’s bit thinner
- #4 – Redwing Tackle Blackbird Sabretooth Premium hooks – similar to the Gamakatsu and Specialist, this is a good hook for salmon and steelhead and is well like by many anglers
- #5 – Daiichi 1150 Heavy Wide-Gape Hooks – This is my go-to hook when fishing beads or when fishing gin clear water for nervous salmon, steelhead, and trout. It’s a thinner lighter wire hook so it’s not the hook you want to be dragging big salmon in with, but it’s a low-profile hook that allows your bait to move more naturally and is less visible than the other hooks above.
For great lakes salmon fishing in rivers I would recommend having one or two of these hooks in sizes from size 6, size 8, and size 10, and be sure to match the size of the hook to the bait size.
The Best Baits For Salmon Fishing In Rivers
When I fish for salmon, steelhead, and even trout and I catch a ton of fish, if another angler asks how I did when I tell them how many fish I caught they often ask what bait I was using. Often, these anglers didn’t do so well, so they think the reason I did so much better is because of my bait.
The honest truth is that 9 out of 10 anglers that are not catching much fish are because of things not even related to their bait. Things like a bad presentation or a bad leader setup, and even a bad hook can be a reason for not catching any fish.
How you present your bait is often more important than the bait itself.
I tell my clients that the bait is only as good as your presentation, and your presentation is only as good as your leader setup, therefore you need to get it all correct if you want to catch more fish.
That means that if you drag your bait through the pool, or your bait is way over their fish’s heads, or you cover the water poorly, or even if your leader is too thick or not built properly, your great bait could become less effective and maybe not work at all.
If you think your presentation needs some work, or you would like to see my proven leader setup for salmon and steelhead be sure to check out my page How To Fish For Salmon.
Spawn Bags For Salmon Fishing
Spawn bags are the best bait for salmon fishing when the salmon enter the rivers and more salmon are caught on spawn bags than any other bait, but…..
But before you grab a bunch of spawn bags and run out to the river let me just say that I catch a lot more salmon on other baits.
The reason why spawn bags catch more salmon than any other bait is that 90% of anglers use spawn bags. If 90% of anglers used beads, or flies then they would be the best bait. I’m not saying that spawn isn’t the best bait, it’s just that there are times when it’s not.
I find that too many anglers are one-sided and only fish spawn and that mentality could limit the amount of salmon you catch. Many times I have outfished the spawn bag guys, even standing right beside 10 of them with other baits.
If 10 guys are running spawn bags through a pool for hours, those salmon will quickly get smart and stop eating spawn bags.
This is why I can often walk into a pool that everyone has fished with spawn bags and I will use a small fly, or a pink worm, or something that is different, smaller, or less intrusive, and I will catch a bunch of salmon that the spawn guys couldn’t catch.
However, spawn is often the best bait for new anglers and I discuss the reasons why I think this, as well as my color and size preferences in different types of water on my page Spawn Bag Tactics And Secrets.
For most spawn bag sizes I prefer to use a size 10 or size 8 hook.
Single Salmon Eggs
There are times when single eggs on a small size 12 Daiichi Salmon Egg Hook can be the best bait for salmon fishing in rivers. The store-bought single eggs are prepared in a way that allows them to scent well and stay on the hook.
My preferred single salmon eggs are the Pautzke Balls O’ Fire Salmon Eggs, and my most effective colors are Natural or Yellow, but other colors like Chartreuse, Pink, and Red have been very effective, especially in dirtier water.
Single eggs are most effective in low clear water when salmon are holding, but they can be great in any type of water, deep, fast, dirty, and clear.
If you don’t live near a tackle store and you need to buy your single eggs or spawn bags or even loose trout eggs online these are your best options:
Salmon Spawn Sacks
These are Pre-tied spawn sacks using Coho eggs. These Spawn Sacks by Superior Outfitters get great reviews from users.
Check more prices at FishUSA and Bass Pro Shops
Other pre-tied spawn bags to consider are the Catchmore Spawn Sacs.
Loose Trout Eggs
The Pautzke Balls O’ Fire Trout Eggs are some of the best loose eggs for tying your own spawn bags.
Other loose eggs to consider are:
Single Salmon Eggs
The Pautzke Balls O’ Fire Salmon Eggs are great when you need to use a single egg on a hook. I have even tied them into spawn bags.
Other single salmon eggs to consider are the Atlas Fishing Bait Big Boy Salmon Eggs
Salmon Fishing With Beads
Fishing with soft and hard beads has become a very popular way of fishing for salmon, steelhead, and trout. The reason beads are so popular is that they work very well.
I have seen studies that prove that some salmon will eat once they enter the river and one of the things found in the bellies of spawning fish that were still eating was single salmon eggs.
The belief is that salmon will occasionally eat eggs that float past them out of instinct, aggression, or even hunger, and they might eat just to maintain energy to prolong their spawning duration which can allow them to spawn longer and spawn more often.
Beads are a great way to imitate those loose salmon eggs drifting in the current, and based on my experience, beads will often outfish bigger spawn bags.
There are a few different brands of beads as well as soft and hard plastic and glass beads that anglers can use.
There are also a few good ways to rig beads. Anglers also have a ton of different colors and sizes to use and I discuss all of this and how I fish beads for steelhead and salmon on my page Advanced Bead Fishing For Salmon: Guide Tactics and Setup.
Or, if you are a trout angler, I go into detail on how to fish beads for trout on my page Bead Fishing For Trout.
Plastic Worms For Salmon Fishing
For many years, three and 4-inch plastic worms have been my secret hot bait for steelhead and trout, but worms are also one of my best baits for salmon fishing in rivers and I use them all the time. In fact, many of my buddies and guides swear that beads are often their top bait for salmon.
Worms are big, they stand out in the current, and fish love worms.
Salmon learn early in life that a worm drifting through the current is an easy target and a good meal.
When the salmon are full grown and return to the river, they recognize these worms as a food source and will move a long way to grab a well-presented worm.
I have seen salmon hit a worm that is swinging across the pool at the end of a drift, and I have seen salmon hit a worm as it’s being reeled in, and I have even seen salmon chase a worm to the surface.
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With its unique paddle tail that gives it more action, the Mad River Steelhead Worms have been a favorite of mine for salmon.
I have also done very well with Raven Plastic Worms as well as the 3 and 4-inch Berkely steelhead or trout worms.
These 3 brands are great when fishing with the pink and red are my most effective colors.
Pink worms are my go-to color most of the time when I am fishing for salmon, but I have had days when the salmon prefer the red or brown worms, and Chartreuse worms can be very effective some days.
Also, If you are looking to try other colors like orange and white, both have worked for me, the Berkely Trout Worms have a lot of interesting colors.
I discuss my tactics, setups, and my favorite worms for steelhead, trout, and salmon on my page Fishing With Worms.
Berkley Trout Worms
Berkley Gulp Earthworms / Red Wigglers
Berkley Gulp! Alive! Angle Worms
Flies Are A Great Bait For Salmon In Rivers
When salmon are young, they feed heavily on aquatic insects which anglers will often call flies. Adult fish will still eat flies and at times, flies will often be my most productive bait.
Flies can be fished effectively under a float when float fishing, with a fly rod, or with the bottom bouncing method.
There are times when the anglers are all using spawn bags or brightly colored baits and that can sometimes stop the fish from feeding. This is when a black or brown nymph can really shine.
Most often I will use size 8 and 10 flies but will sometimes drop down to a smaller size 12 when the fish are pressured and nervous.
Some of the best flies for salmon fishing are: (click the link to see or buy the fly)
Wooly Bugger – Like this in a size 8 or 10 but have done well with smaller size 12 and 14 sizes. I also like them with or without a gold or silver bead head. I do find that the pattern in the link with the flash on the sides works the best. I have found that black and olive work the best, but there are some days when white and pink will be hot.
Egg Sucking Leech – This is another productive and proven pattern for salmon. I like the orange, pink, and chartreuse heads on a black or olive body the best.
The pattern in the link with the flash on the sides and in the tail tends to work better for me.
I like the flash on this fly because the salmon seem to be more attracted to flashy flies.
Prince nymph – This is a fantastic attractor nymph pattern that has been great for salmon and steelhead. I think the combination of the greenish shine on the body and the white wing gets their attention.
Stonefly – I tie my own and have a pattern that seems to worm better than most. This Bead Head Copper John Nymph in the link is the closest that I have seen to the stonefly pattern that I tie and use.
Copper John – Another great fly that seems to work in most colors however the red body version is the hot fly some days.
Zug Bug – Something about the peacock herl on this fly that drives big salmon crazy some days. I will always have some of these on hand. In fact, I have found that peacock hearl seems to work very well on salmon, so I use and do well with other flies with peacock herl like the Pheasant Tail Nymph.
Estaz Egg Fly – The Estaz Egg fly is an attractor egg pattern that works very well on salmon.
I have caught salmon on just about every color, but Orange, Pink, and Chartreuse are my most effective colors. Check Colors Or Buy Now
If you want to see more of the flies that I use and recommend when fishing for salmon around the great lakes, be sure to check out my page on the Best Flies For Salmon Fishing On The Great Lakes: COMING SOON, or if you want to learn to fly fish for salmon check out my page How To Fly Fish For Salmon.
Using Shrimp For Salmon Fishing
Shrimp are recognized as effective bait for salmon fishing, with anglers enhancing their effectiveness by adding colors, scents, or attractants. Different types of shrimp, such as Coon Shrimp, Stripped Shrimp, Sand Shrimp, and Salad Shrimp, have proven successful in catching salmon.
While shrimp work well in faster currents, they are not as effective in slower or stagnant water.
Curing shrimp is a simple process, and ready-to-use cures and brines are available for consistent results.
Properly cured and dyed shrimp can prolong their lifespan and entice salmon to strike. Rigging shrimp involves using a size 6 or 8 hook and attaching the shrimp once in the head area.
See Salmon Fishing With Shrimp for more cures and info on this bait.
Various methods can be employed for salmon fishing with shrimp, including bottom fishing, plunking, side drifting, and float fishing. Each method has its advantages and requires specific techniques. Adding a floating bead to keep the shrimp off the bottom can be beneficial.
While shrimp have their place in salmon bait options, they may not have equal success rates compared to proven baits like spawn bags or skein when float fishing.
Using shrimp as an additional bait option is recommended when other baits are not producing desired results, but they should not be the primary choice.
Professional guides have found success with shrimp and many guides will use shrimp on the middle hook of plugs when side drifting or plunking for salmon.
Minnows and Minnow Patterns For Salmon Fishing
I have used live, dead, and even dead salted minnows with some success on fresh-run salmon that have just entered the river.
The best minnow imitation for salmon fishing and what I prefer to use most often is the Berkley Gulp! Alive Minnow or, if I want more action the Berkely Gulp Alive Paddleshad. I will fish these minnow imitations under a float or when bottom bouncing in shallow runs and pockets.
Other good options for minnow patterns are the Berkley PowerBait Pro Twitchtail Minnow and the Cabela’s Fisherman Series Go-To Swim Minnow which has a little extra movement in the tail in faster currents.
Most of the time I use minnows that are natural shad or minnow colors like silver with back, green or blueish backs. However, orange and chartreuse can be hot some days.
With these minnows, I will use a size 8 or 10 hooks and will hook it mid-body at the top of the back so that it rides more horizontally in the current.
Plastic Grubs and Plastic Flies Are Great For Salmon
Something that not a lot of anglers use is plastic grubs and plastic flies, however, I have had very good success with these baits under a float or when bottom bouncing. I use them in medium to fast-moving water mostly.
Salmon, like many river fish, are opportunistic and will grab anything that is presented well and looks edible.
The Mad River Steelhead Grubs, the Berkley Gulp! Crickets and the Berkley Gulp! Pinched Crawlers have all been good for me.
I have also done very well some days with the 3.5″ Vudu Rattle Shrimp in the colors gold, natural, and magic. I have also done well with Tsunami Holographic Shrimp in colors rootbeer, silver glitter, and red glitter.
Power Wigglers
Berkley PowerBait Power Wigglers are a great grub/maggot imitation.
Lil Hellgrammites
Plastic Nymphs like this 2″ Lil Hellgrammites can be good in rivers.
Savage Nymph
This 2-inch Savage Gear plastic nymph is good in rivers.
Another bait that fits into this category is the leech. Yes, I salmon fish with leeches. I don’t use real leeches but there are some great fake ones. My favorite is the Berkley Gulp! 3” Leech or the Gulp Alive Leech.
Plastic Eggs, Fake Eggs, and Egg Clusters
Just like the beads and spawn sacks, these are just imitation eggs and at times they will work great for steelhead and salmon.
Plastic single eggs and egg clusters like the Sac Attack Imitation Cluster Eggs, or the Mad River Single Eggs and the Berkley Gulp! Floating Salmon Eggs.
Other potential baits Include:
- Salmon Fishing With Corn
- Salmon Fishing With Powerbait
- Salmon Fishing With Marshmallows
- Salmon Fishing With Minnows
Jigs For Salmon Fishing
You can fish with jigs for salmon a few different ways. There are times when casting a bass or walleye-style jig with a spinning rod and then slowly swinging it and bouncing the jig off the bottom and across the river can be deadly for salmon, steelhead, and even for trout.
For this tactic, I used Chompers Skirted Football Jigs, or the No-Alibi Pearl Alien Jigs, or the Missile Jigs Ike’s Mini Flip Jig. I have also done well with a jig head and a plastic minnow like the Berkley Gulp Alive minnow or even a twister tail type grub like the 4 inch Strike King Rage Tail Grub.
There are other times when drifting a jig under a float will be very effective and I use this method the most.
I will also use the bottom bouncing method and will dead drift the jig or use a bounce and dead drift presentation.
Good jigs for under a float or when dead drifting with the bottom bouncing technique are jigs like the Jiggy Bugger Steelhead Jigs, VooDoo Custom Tackle Marabou Jigs, or the Hawken Beau-Mac Marabou Steelhead Jig. These are three of my favorites.
I’ve also done very well with the Steelhead Worm Jigs, or Kalin’s Marabou Jigs, or the Mimic Fry Jig, and the Fly Jig. These are all good options when salmon fishing under a float.
Using Skein For Salmon Fishing
A very hot bait for many anglers and a bait that often works when other baits don’t is Skein.
There are many salmon guides and anglers that will tell you this is the most effective bait that you can use for salmon, and at times, I will 100% agree with them.
Skein is the immature eggs of salmon, steelhead, or trout. Skein eggs are stuck together by a fine membrane and as the salmon get close to spawning the eggs will start to loosen from the membrane so they can be dropped when the salmon spawns.
Many anglers know that skein can work better than any other bait, especially with fresh salmon that are just entering the river. I drift skein under a float or when bottom bouncing.
All of my guides love to use skein when fishing for great lakes salmon and on days when the salmon are being difficult skein is often the only way to get the salmon to bite.
Most anglers will use Coho or king/Chinook salmon skeins from fish that they have caught but not all anglers have access to skein which is ok because you can buy salmon skeins in whole or in chucks.
Some of the best skeins you can get are the Pro-Cure Salmon Roe or the Pro-Cure Vacuum Packed Salmon Skeins eggs on Amazon.
Salmon Roe
Some of the best Salmon skeins you can buy are the Pro-Cure Vacuum Packed Salmon Skeins eggs.
The skein is cured in Pro-Cure’s proprietary blend and can be hard to find.
Check These Stores
Pro-Cure Salmon Roe Clusters
These premium natural egg skeins are individually cut into soft durable clusters and packed on a tray.
They are made and processed to stay on the hook better.
Skein Cure
If you can harvest your own skein, be sure to cure it properly.
Many anglers use Pro-Cure Liquid Bait Cure or Pautzke Balls O’ Fire Cure Fish Egg Cure.
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Lures For Salmon Fishing
If you are the type of angler that likes to throw lures at salmon and want to know my best lures and my tactics check out my page Lure Fishing For Salmon and don’t forget to check out my page Best Gear For River Fishing where I discuss all the release gear, waders, boots, vest and more.
Putting The Best Salmon Baits To Use
How you use the bait is as important as the bait itself. When I fish baits in the river for salmon I either use the float fishing method or I use something known as Bottom Bouncing.
You can see how to do both of these methods well on other pages. Check out my page Float Fishing For Salmon – Great Lakes Tactics From A Top Guide and my page Bottom Bouncing – 5 Proven Guide Tips For More Fish.
Want more on what bait to choose and when, see below.
FAQs About The Best Baits For Salmon
I received this message from a reader and thought I would share it with you since it’s related to the best baits for salmon and how to fish them in certain situations.
Question: Could you please elaborate a bit on when would the Salmon prefer a minnow style bait over eggs or rubber worms.
And targeting them on the fly like the woolly bugger and gulp minnows, is a complete dead drift better than say a retrieve where you trot the float in minuet steps of slow and fast speeds thus causing small up and down jigging motion on the buggers and other streamers to get a reaction bite?
I came across a pod of 3-4 salmon and tried dead drifting, worms/woolly buggers/egg-sucking leeches, I couldn’t get them to bite at all except for one swipe at the egg-sucking leech.
Hi Durvesh,
I dead drift baits that don’t normally have movement in the river and on occasion, I might bounce or jig a bait like a minnow, a fly, or a jig to get a reaction strike. However, it will depend on the spot. 3 or 4 salmon holding in a smaller clear pool are likely to be nervous fish, therefore jigging or causing any type of commotion on the surface can spook them even more.
In larger faster flowing spots, jigging or holding back and releasing your float might work but 90% of the time I will dead drift a bait and it seems to work well.
I will often use smaller less intrusive baits like flies in low clear waters and bigger brighter baits in bigger pools or faster water.
Trying to determine if the fish want a worm or an egg or a minnow is trial and error and I will often rotate baits in each spot until I find something that works.
Make sure you use the right type of float for the type of water you are fishing, make sure you have the right leader set up and the right size leader for the spot, and make sure you fish well and don’t spook the fish.
Sometimes salmon can be very aggressive when something enters their space so they may hit an aggressively retrieved fly, jig, or lure out of anger or a territorial thing, so sometimes a switch to a lure will do the trick. However, that is always my last resort since that can also spook the fish.
Honestly, some salmon just won’t eat once they enter the river no matter what you do or try.
Ask A Guide About The Best Baits For Salmon Fishing
If you have a question, comment, or even a suggestion related to the best baits for salmon fishing in the river, let me and other readers hear it in the comment section below and I or one of my guides will get back to you.
Tight Lines
Graham
