29 Best Trout Flies: Modern Flies Used By River Guides
Some of the best trout flies are found in the boxes of fly fishing guides and competition fly anglers. I’m going to let you in on what trout flies the trout guides and competition anglers are actually using and why they are different from what most anglers use and from what other websites and fly shops are recommending.
For most anglers, the best trout flies are generic trout flies like the Hares Ear Nymph, the Prince Nymph, Pheasant Tail Nymph, Stonefly, Caddis, and even Woolly Buggers. And for dry flies, often the popular trout flies are the Adams, Royal Coachman, and Elk Hair Caddis.
But do guides and competition anglers actually use these flies, and are they their most effective trout flies? The short answer is no.
As a guide myself, my opinion on what flies are the best for trout is different than what you will see on other websites.
The Best Trout Flies Used By Guides
Guides have been testing flies for years and they test them in all kinds of conditions so they get to know what works and what doesn’t.
Competition anglers generally have a community of other competition anglers. They also have coaches, team members, and mentors, and they learn from each other so they can keep improving and they evolve faster. Part of that learning and evolving includes sharing their best trout flies with others.
In fact, in my opinion, competition anglers are often the most skilled fly anglers there are and they are even more skilled than most trout guides.
I have had the opportunity to look into the boxes of many guides and the boxes of many top competition fly anglers and I’ve discussed their most effective trout flies with them.
I’ve even looked into the fly boxes of a world champion fly angler as well as the head coach for Fly Fishing Team USA and I’ll tell you this, their fly boxes look very different from the average fly angler’s fly box.
An average angler’s fly box is often full of generic trout flies because the average angler takes advice from stores and websites and those stores and websites want to push the flies they can make money on.
Even, the books and articles that are written by the world’s best modern-day fly anglers don’t have the same generic trout flies that most websites and stores claim are the best trout flies.
If those generic flies were really as good as the websites and stores say they are, wouldn’t the best competition anglers and the best guides have boxes full of them?
The trout flies that I recommend here may not be the exact fly that I or a competition angler or guide uses since guides and competition anglers tie their own flies and they often have slight variations.
However, some of the trout flies that I recommend on this page will be the exact same as what guides and competition anglers are using, while others might be just very similar, but they should work equally as well.
Best Trout Flies By Catagory
As a guide, one of the first things I do, when I get to the river, is to assess the conditions and then try to make an educated guess of what the best type of trout fly will be.
If I see rising fish, I will consider a dry fly over a nymph, but, if it just rained and the river is flowing fast and slightly off-colored I know this is a good time to catch big trout on streamers or nymphs.
All-day long I will try to determine what the fish are doing and feeding on and what the best trout flies are based on what I see.
That is why it is important to have a good selection of flies which include dry flies, nymphs, and streamers.
Tying your own flies saves you money and lets you tie custom flies that will probably work better. If you are thinking about starting to tie your own flies, check out 5 Best Fly Tying Kits From Beginner to Advanced.
The Best Trout Flies For Nymphing
Nymphing has been my specialty for a long time and I love it because it consistently produces large trout, steelhead, and salmon. Nymphs will generally work on any size or type of trout river.
When nymphing, the traditional indicator nymphing method is what most anglers use. However, some guides and all competition anglers will recommend and use Euro Nymphing methods simply because it’s more effective in a lot of situations.
Both methods have their pros and cons and the anglers that are good at both methods and know when and where to use each method will catch 10X more trout.
Best Nymphs For Trout Fishing
1. Pheasant Tail Nymphs And 2 Great Variations
The Pheasant Tail Nymph is one of the few traditional nymphs you will see mentioned on other websites and you might still see it in some guide boxes for the simple reason that this is and always will be one of the best flies for trout.
The Pheasant Tail Nymph can be tied with or without a bead-head and it can also be tied as a flashback Pheasant Tail Nymph.
The Pheasant Tail Nymph can be a great trout fly when tied the traditional way but it is more common for guides and competition anglers to use other variations of it.
Some of these more modern variations I think are even better than the original pattern and I will discuss them below.
2. Polish Pheasant Tail Nymph
The Polish Pheasant Tail Nymph is a guide and competition-level fly tied by expert fly tier Davie McPhail and it is one of the most effective and best trout flies that I have ever used for trout and for steelhead.
Tied as is in the video, it represents many brown nymph species that you would find in a river or stream.
I have also tied this fly pattern in an all-black version which replicates a black stonefly nymph quite well.
I have seen this fly in other guide boxes and it is used by competition fly anglers. I have also shared this fly with many guides and many of my clients and it’s proven very effective.
3. The Frenchie Nymph
The Frenchie is an all-time favorite of many anglers, guides, and competition fly anglers.
I believe this fly was invented by one of Fly Fishing Team USA’s best competition anglers Lance Egan and it’s proven to be one of the most effective trout flies.
It is basically a legless pheasant tail nymph with a hot spot.
Since it is so effective it is now very popular and you can even purchase this fly at many fly shops or online.
When I first heard about how good the Frenchie fly was and then I saw how basic of a trout fly it was, I thought there is no way this fly would be better than the original Pheasant Tail Nymph.
I was a believer that a good fly for trout needed to have the shape and size of a real nymph. I felt a good trout fly should have a silhouette that resembles a nymph which means, legs, a thicker upper thorax, and a nice split tail.
This silhouette is found on the original Pheasant tail which is why it is so effective, but you don’t get that silhouette on the Frenchie, yet it still works fantastic.
I learned quickly that the Frenchie might be one of the best trout flies ever created and it was so effective that it became my favorite fly the first year I started using it. It worked equally well for small and large trout.
It also became a favorite trout fly of many of my clients and other guides that I shared it with.
After lots of thought as to why the Frenchie is so effective despite not having the shape of a fly, I have determined that the Frenchies’ thin profile gets down and deep fast and it stays down in the strike zone.
And since trout sample all kinds of stuff that they shouldn’t put in their mouths, stuff like bark, seaweed, leaves, twigs, and pebbles, they sample the Frenchie too when it drifts by them.
I have seen and tried the Frenchie in many variations using different hot spots or collars, as seen in the video, but I almost always find the original to be the best. I also find that thinner is better than thicker.
I have also done well with a black and tan version of the Frenchie Nymph, and instead of using Pheasant Tail as it was meant to be tied, I also use dubbing for the body since it makes the fly more durable.
4. Hare’s Ear Nymph Variations
Hares Ear Nymph:
The standard Hare’s Ear Nymph is often on many top ten lists as one of the best trout flies, however, I rarely use the originally tied version anymore and don’t see it in many guides fly boxes or competition anglers’ fly boxes.
Instead, you will often see variations of the original Hares Ear Nymph simply because I think they work better.
I’m not saying the original version of the Hares Ear Nymph or the Bead Head Hares Ear Nymph are not good flies, it’s just that based on my experience there are a few variations that I have found to be much more effective.
5. The DM Hares Ear Nymph
The DM or Davie McPhail Hares Ear Nymph:
This is a very effective variation of the Hairs Ear Nymph but it’s thinner and Davie has added legs. I find this fly to be a lot more effective than the traditional Hares Ear Nymph.
Add a bead head of gold, silver, or copper and it can be even better.
This is almost a combination of a Pheasant Tail Nymph and a Hairs Ear Nymph. Either way, it’s very effective.
Sorry guys but this is one fly that you will either need to tie yourself or have someone tie it for you.
6. Tag Hairs Ear Nymph
I believe tag-style flies were invented by European competition anglers and now tag flies have quickly become many fly guides and competition anglers’ best trout flies and are one of my most effective trout flies.
The tag refers to the bright-colored tail and believe it or not, it works. My preference for tag color is light pink and orange tails, but I have done well with yellow, white, and red.
I have been using tag flies for about five years, and they are excellent for all trout. You can buy them from The Fly Fiend, or you will either need to tie them yourself or have someone tie them for you.
The first time I saw this style of fly was in a book called Secret Flies of the Czech and Slovak Fly-Tiers.
This book features top flies from over 20 competition anglers and is a fantastic book if you can get your hands on a copy.
This book is hard to get and it might become a collector’s item someday and worth a lot of money, so get it while you can.
A little tip for you guys. If you want to buy this tag fly or you want custom-tied flies that are competition quality, one of the best tyers and websites is The Fly Feind. I have used many of his flies tied by him. I am not affiliated with him at all, he just ties amazing flies and has a great selection.
7. The Walts Worm and Sext Walts Worm
The Walts Worm is a simple but very effective pattern used by guides and competitive anglers.
The sexy Walts Worm is a flashy version with a red or orange hotspot and is used by many great anglers.
This is a great imitation for some caddis, cased caddis, and crane fly larvae. As it becomes more beat up it can resemble other nymphs. Whatever it looks like to a trout they love this fly.
As far as I am concerned, the Walts Worm and the Sext Walts are two of the best trout flies available and a must-have fly in anyone’s box.
If you are interested in purchasing these flies click the links. Walts Worm and Sexy Walts Worm.
You can also get it at the Fly Fiend.
8. Blow Torch Fly
The blow torch is a new but popular fly with guides and competition anglers.
I believe it was designed by top competition angler Deven Olson.
I have been using this fly over the last few years and it is excellent for all species of trout and in all types of water.
It has also become a favorite steelhead fly for me and my clients.
9. The Lint Fly – Scud / Isopod
The Lint Fly imitates an Isopod or scud, and it got its name after my client landed a big 25-inch brown trout and said he couldn’t believe a size 18 fly that looks like lint from his belly button could catch such a big trout.
He asked me what the name of it was and I said it doesn’t have a name, however, from this point on I will call it the Lint Fly.
Since you can’t buy the Lint Fly, there are very similar and effective patterns such as the Diamond Dub Scud or an almost exact copy of the Lint Fly is the Wood Duck Scud.
Instead of wood duck for the back, I use is mottled Turkey feather and the body is made of a blend of Hares Ear Dubbing and deer hair which is trimmed short and to shape after tying. The deer hair looks a lot like legs.
I also use a 4x to 6x tippet to rib the fly and hold it all together.
10. Stonefly Nymph
Stonefly patterns are important to have in your box and you will find variations of stoneflies in a fly guide’s boxes.
I always have small tiny black stoneflies like the “Two Bit Hooker” for early in the spring, and will also have brown stoneflies and golden stoneflies for later in the season.
11. APD Caddis: Caddis Larva and Pupa
Most rivers have caddis so having a good caddis larva and caddis pupa pattern is important.
The picture is my personal APD Caddis and it is a very effective fly for me and the clients and guides that I have shared it with.
Since it’s a custom-tied fly that you would need to tie yourself and one that you can’t buy, the closest and still very effective fly is the McPhail Caddis Pupa or the Super Stretch Caddis Pupa.
Other Great Nymphs
One of the best nymphs not mentioned yet but is a must-have in any fly box is the San Juan Worm in red, pink, and brown.
If you live around the Great Lakes Region, be sure to check out Jerry Darkes book Essential Flies for the Great Lakes Region
The Best Trout Flies For Dry Fly Fishing
There are four types of dry flies to consider, but there are thousands of dry fly patterns.
It is my experience that fly tyers and fly anglers overcomplicate dry flies with all the different patterns.
Therefore, I will try to simplify things and show you the type of flies that are most effective without needing hundreds of patterns.
When it comes to dry flies, you need:
- Mayfly Dun Pattern
- Mayfly Spinner Pattern
- Caddis Pattern
- Terrestrials
- Stonefly Pattern
- Attractor Patterns
12. Mayfly Dun Pattern
There are hundreds of mayfly dun patterns, but you will often find the same type of patterns in the boxes of guides. I use the same three styles except that I change the size and the color to match the hatch.
The reason I do this is that for the most part, all mayfly duns have the same shape so there is no point in having a different pattern for each mayfly. A simple pattern like the Rough Olive seen in the above picture will imitate all mayflies if you change the body, wings, hackle colors, and size to match the hatch.
I have tested this out and it works all the time. I’m not saying other patterns won’t work, I’m just saying that keeping it simple also works just as well.
Tie this fly with double the hackle for faster riffle water and it will float a lot better, or tie it more sparsely for slow flat water and you will fool more trout.
13. Comparadun Mayfly
The Comparadun Mayfly is another fly you will find in many guide boxes. Tied with CDC or deer or elk hair both work.
Then change the size and color to match the hatch for all the different mayflies near you and you are good to go.
One thing I noticed about many store-bought dry flies is that they use cheap hooks and often they use hooks with a small gap. They are also tied with thick bodies which close up the gap and this makes it hard to get the hook set when a trout grabs it.
I use wider gap hooks for a better hooking percentage and many guides will know this and tie their dry flies similarly.
If you don’t tie your own flies and want good quality dry flies, check out Reel Flies, or The Fly Fiend, or Region Fishing. Two great North American fly-tying shops.
14. Elk Hair Caddis
The Elk Hair Caddis is a proven pattern when the caddis are on the water. This pattern is sold just about everywhere that sells flies because it is that good.
You will find variations of this fly in most fly guide boxes.
I have also done well with the CDC Elk Hair Caddis.
15. Stonefly Dry Fly
When it comes to stonefly patterns, the stimulator is one of the most productive and readily available flies.
I tied mine in colors that match the underbody of the stoneflies in my area. This usually means tan or yellow bellies.
This fly is also a great attractor pattern if tied with bright colors like orange, and red.
16. Terrestrials
I always have grasshoppers, cricket, and beetle patterns in my box and there are times when these will be your best dry fly when there’s no hatch.
Make Sure you have these patterns:
Daves Hopper has been a proven fly and one that should be in all anglers boxes.
The grasshopper can be one of the most effective flies for guides during mid to late summer and you will often see guides targeting deeper banks for big trout.
Crickets, beetles, and ants also make up the bulk of terrestrial dry flies.
There are times of the year when trout will go crazy during an ant hatch.
Beetles are random and can be fished at any time from spring to fall with good success.
17. Attractor Patterns
Attractor patterns don’t really look like the natural aquatic insects, but they do get the trout’s attention and they can be excellent if there is faster water or when there is no hatch going on.
Flies like the:
Many years ago one of the top guides in my area told me his number one go-to fly was the usual. Even when all the other anglers were using more imitation patterns he would still out-fish them with the Usual Fly.
Emergers For Trout
Emergers are the stage of insects as they are turning from a nymph to an adult. Good merger patterns sit low in the water but have enough of the fly exposed so the anglers can see the fly.
Anglers will use emerged patterns to imitate Caddis and Mayflies.
It is my experience from catching many emergers that the natural insect are a mess with wing casing, shucks, tails, all over the place due to the different stages of emergence. For this reason, your emerged pattern doesn’t need to be perfect.
And often, the more beat up my e, merger fly is the better it works.
Flies like this Turkey Quill Emerger are go-to flies for me and other guides. However, look for similar patterns and that should work.
Deer Hair emergers are often easy to fisd and are also a great option.
Best Fly Tying Hooks
Some of you will want to tie your own flies and if you do you want to use a good fly hook that works. Let me tell you from experience of tying flies for over 34 years, that your hook choice matters A LOT! Click the link to see the best hooks for fly tying.
Three things to consider are the hook shape, the hook gap, and the hook strength.
The weight of the hook also matters especially when trying dry flies.
Fly Floatants For Dry Flies
A good fly floatant is a must-have when using dry flies. I have always found that the higher a dry fly floats, the more bites I get.
You can see my favorite fly treatments and fly floatants and how I use them together to get the best results on my page Best Fly Floatants: Tested
More Dry Fly Patterns
There are many more great dry fly patterns including great ones like the Rusty Spinner, Hendrickson, March Browns, and BWO.
I discuss the best and most effective dry flies on my page 21 best dry flies for trout.
More Trout Flies . . . . Streamer Fly Patterns For Trout
There are so many more good trout flies that I could add to this article, but, it’s the middle of another very bust guide season, therefore, I am going to need to finish this article another time.
For more trout flies, check out our latest article Trout Guides 13 Best Streamers For Trout That Get Big Results.
The Best Trout Flies Q&A
If you have any questions, comments, or some great trout flies that you would like to share, let me and our readers know in the comment section below.
Tight Lines,
Graham
Hello Graham,can you please help me to find good hooks barbed for fly tying,specially for this 29 + above. I must say again that your website are the best.
Hi Faruk,
Sorry for the delayed response, I was away on a backwoods fishing trip with no internet. Also, I had a pre-written but not published article on fly tying hooks which I just published just for you 🙂 Check it out at Best Fly Tying Hooks.
Good Luck Buddy,
Graham
Hello Graham,
I know this is your personal lint fly creation and caddis Pupae pattern. If possible are you willing to share this recipe? If not I do completely understand. Thank you regardless for all the help you have provided on this website 🙂
I will likely have a video if this one day, but i’m pretty busy right now. The lint fly is tied similar to other scud patterns,
Lint Fly:
Thread – Grey or black
Ribbing – Clear mono
Body – 70% Natural Hares Ear plus dubbing 30% cut up deer hair to create the leggy look. Trim to shape when the fly is done. About
Back – Natural turkey quill.
My Caddis Pupae
Thread # 8 Black
Body – green thread – or dubbing
Wing – Black Rafia
Legs #8 or #6 Camel or brown thread.
Colar – dark hairs ear dubbing
Hope that helps
Graham